Анемия гемолитическая

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Hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which the red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can produce them. The destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis.

There are two types of hemolytic anemia, including the following:

– Intrinsic – it is the destruction of the red blood cells due to a defect within the red blood cells themselves. Intrinsic hemolytic anemias are often inherited, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. These conditions produce red blood cells that do not live as long as normal red blood cells.

– Extrinsic – red blood cells are produced healthy but are later destroyed by becoming trapped in the spleen, destroyed by infection, or destroyed from drugs that can affect red blood cells. Extrinsic hemolytic anemia is also called autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Causes

– infections, such as hepatitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), typhoid fever, E. coli, or streptococcus
– medications, such as penicillin, antimalaria medications, sulfa medications, or acetaminophen
– leukemia or lymphoma
– autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematous (SLE, or lupus), rheumatoid arthritis, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, or ulcerative colitis
– various tumors

Some types of extrinsic hemolytic anemia are temporary and resolve over several months. Other types can become chronic with periods of remissions and recurrence.

Symptoms

The following are the most common symptoms of hemolytic anemia. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently (Individualization).

Symptoms may include:

– abnormal paleness or lack of color of the skin
– jaundice, or yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mouth
– dark color to urine
– fever
– weakness
– dizziness
– confusion
– intolerance to physical activity
– enlargement of the spleen and liver
– increased heart rate (tachycardia)
– heart murmur

The symptoms of hemolytic anemia may resemble other blood conditions or medical problems too.

Diagnosis

Hemolytic anemia is usually discovered during a medical examination through a routine blood test. In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for hemolytic anemia may include additional blood tests and other evaluation procedures, particularly to check for an enlarged spleen or liver.

Treatment

Specific treatment for hemolytic anemia is determined on:

– age, overall health, and medical history
– extent of the disease
– cause of the disease
– tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
– expectations for the course of the disease

Hemolytic anemia is often difficult to treat.

Treatment may include:

– vitamin and mineral supplements
– change in diet
– medication
– treatment of the causative disease
– Splenectomy – surgery to remove the spleen.

Homoeopathic Management

1- Phosphorus

CLARKE – Characteristics-

Sweat is anxious, profuse, exhausting on slightest exertion; profuse at night; cold and clammy, smelling of sulphur or of garlic.
Phos. corresponds to yellow fever in many particulars; disorganization of the liver and blood with jaundice; hemorrhages.
It has caused acute fatty degeneration of the liver; and corresponds also to fatty degeneration of pancreas with gastric symptoms and oily stools, and fatty and amyloid degeneration of the kidneys.

2- Argentum nitricum

BOERICKE

Sensation of a sudden pinch. (Dudgeon).
* Destroys red blood corpuscles, producing anemia.
* Intolerance of heat.

3- Trinitrotoluenum

BOERICKE

The destructive action of T.N.T. on the red blood corpuscles is responsible for the anemia and the jaundice with their secondary symptoms.
The hemoglobin is changed so it cannot act satisfactorily as an oxygen carrier and as a result we have breathlessness, dizziness, headache, faintness, palpitation, undue fatigue, muscle cramps and cyanosis; also drowsiness, depression and insomnia.

 

Aletris Farinosa:- Chlorosis. "The China of the uterine organs." Great tonic for woman not only increase blood but also weakness , Tired dull, heavy,confused feeling. Debility of females from protracted illness; no organic disease. Power and energy of mind and body are weakened.

Calcarea carbonica:- Almost any of the deeper acting constitutional remedies may be of use in anaemic and debilitated conditions, and especially are the Calcareas useful. Thus we have Calcarea phosphorica as the remedy for the "green sickness," chlorosis of young girls, with a complexion like wax, alabaster lips and ears, a bright eye, and when they smile or laugh it is a sickly one. The face sometimes has a true greenish hue or a sallow one. In such cases the menses are apt to be too early and then calcarea phosphorica is well indicated for this condition. Calcarea carbonica is indicated by the psoric, scrofulous or tubercular diathesis and the general symptoms of the drug, by disgust for meat, craving for sour and indigestible things, swelling of abdomen, vertigo and palpitation ;on going upstairs. The patient is in a state of worry. Constantly imagining calamities.

Ferrum metallicum:-  It is a great homoeopathic remedy like allopath homeopath also use iron but in non toxix non materialistic doses , but it will not cure every case of anaemia proper careful individualization is necessary. When the patient has an appearance of full bloodedness or plethora, which is followed by paleness or earthiness of the face and puffiness of the extremities, then Ferrum will benefit. When Ferrum is indicated the mucous membranes are pale, more so than with Cinchona, and there is apt to be an anaemia murmur in the veins of the neck. The patient is easily exhausted. Vomiting of food after eating may occur. The patient is constantly chilly and perhaps has an afternoon or evening fever simulating hectic fever. In very stubborn cases sometimes Ferrum phosphoricum may serve better than Ferrum metallicum. Schuessler recommends first Calcarea phosphorica, then Ferrum phosphoricum.
Helonias:- An excellent remedy in anaemia and chlorosis. It suits especially anaemia from prolonged haemorrhage in women enervated by indolence and luxury, or such as are worn out with hard work; they are too tired to sleep and the strained muscles burn and ache A characteristic modality is that the patient is better when the attention is engaged, hence better when the doctor comes. This anaemia is associated with disturbances in the urinary and sexual organs. Tired,anaemic, backachey females need Helonias,

Natrum muriaticum:- This is one of our best remedies in anaemic conditions. There is paleness, and, in spite of the fact that the patient eats well, there is emaciation. There are attacks of throbbing headache and dyspnoea, especially on going up stairs, constipation ands depression of spirits, and consolation aggravates. With these symptoms there is much palpitation, fluttering and intermittent action of the heart. The hypochondriasis in these cases is marked. Scanty menstruation is frequently an indicating symptom. Kali carbonicum is one of the most important remedies in anaemia, weak heart, sweats backache, especially with female complaints.

Pulsatilla:- Pulsatilla is the great antidote to Iron, and hence is indicated in the anaemic condition produced by large or continued doses of it. The system is relaxed and worn out; the patient is chilly and suffers from gastric and menstrual derangements. Thus the symptoms resemble closely those calling for Ferrum. The cause of the anaemia must be sought for, and if the case comes from allopathic hands it is safe to infer that much Iron has been given and Pulsatilla will surely be the remedy. The Pulsatilla patient feels better in the open air. Dizziness on rising, absence of thirst, and the peculiar disposition will lead to the remedy.

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